Spiders in Brazil: from arachnidism to potential therapeutic use of their venom part 1 of 2

Spider envenomation, generically known as arachnidism, is described in many places around the world. In terms of medical importance, the following genera of animals stand out as the main origin of the morbid condition: Atrax (Sidney funnel web spider), Steatoda (false black widow), Latrodectus (black widow), Loxosceles (brown spider) and Phoneutria (armed spider), the last three causing accidents involving spiders in Brazil. This article, part 1 of 2, aims to present the main aspects of arachnidism in the country, with an emphasis on the biology and geographical distribution of spiders, biochemistry of the venom, pathogenesis and epidemiology of arachnidism, as well as prevention of the morbid condition.

Spiders in Brazil: from arachnidism to potential therapeutic use of their venom part 2 of 2

Arachnidism, spider envenomation, is an important public health issue in different parts of the world. Its clinical evolution depends on the genus involved. Symptoms and signs range from skin alterations to systemic manifestations. The success of treatment, consisting of serotherapy and other measures, depends on the patient's immediate care. In addition to the potential injury to human hosts, spider venom has been investigated for the therapy of various diseases. Based on these considerations, this article, part 2 of 2, aims to present the main aspects of spider accidents, focusing on clinical findings, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment, as well as highlighting the potential of the venom of these arachnids.